First thing’s first… let’s get a quick overview of what’s need, what goes where, and what to expect.

In order to make an ISO bootable, you need an .img file. Many tutorials call this efiboot.img. It’s basically a FAT formatted file that contains a specific folder structure and a specially named executable that UEFI will run. The folder structure should have just one file in it located in /efi/boot/bootx64.efi. The bootx64.efi file is the boot code, so it can be any boot loader that generates it. I like Grub, so that’s what my instructions below do.

Now you may wonder – if you use Grub as the bootx64.efi, then where the heck does it get grub.cfg from? It’s pretty plain and simple – it’s in /boot/grub/grub.cfg just as it would be in a regular filesystem. Except, /boot/grub/grub.cfg lives outside the .img file — it lives along-side it, really.

Ok, now that that’s out of the way, let’s get started. You need some packages first.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-imageboot grub-legacy grub-pc-bin grub-pc

Now let’s create a rescue image, which will do the heavy lifting for us. Then we will mount it to a temp folder.

grub-mkrescue -o grub.iso
mkdir /tmp/grubcd
mount -o loop grub.iso /tmp/grubcd

Now let’s create the folder where we want our ISO to live. Then we will copy the contents of grub.iso to that folder.

mkdir myiso
cp -avR /tmp/grubcd/* myiso/

Next, let’s create a grub.cfg file so that you can tell it where and what to load. You will want to edit this and not leave it blank.

touch myiso/boot/grub/grub.cfg

Lastly, copy your vmlinuz and initrd files to myiso, along with any other files you need/want. Then you can create your iso with something like xorriso.

cd myiso
xorriso -volid "CDROM" -as mkisofs -isohybrid-mbr isohdpfx.bin -b isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -e grub.img -isohybrid-gpt-basdat -o ../mycd.iso ./